Quick Takeaways:
The English language has a rich history of borrowing words from other languages, especially from Latin. Latin abbreviations such as ‘a.m.’, ‘p.m.’ and ‘CV’ have become part of our everyday vocabulary. Such abbreviations are also frequently used in academic writing, from the ‘Ph.D.’ in the affiliation section to the ‘i.e.’, ‘e.g.’, ‘et al.’, and ‘QED’ in the rest of the paper.
This guide explains when and how to correctly use ‘et al.’ in a research paper.
取得研究資助金的成功與否取決於能否寫出一份清晰有說服力的研究資助申請計劃書。
我們多年來幫助數以千計亞洲的研究學者編修及改進他們的計劃書以成功取得資助。我們綜合多年累積的經驗於下面的清單內,希望可以助您完善您的研究資助申請計劃書並提高獲得目標資助金的機會。
– 摘要及引言部分應該要針對為什麼要實行該研究項目,而非怎樣去實行的詳細內容。在這階段只需大致說一下研究方法即可。
– 計劃書是要給非該學科專家審閱的,所以需要以非技術性語言書寫,及避免使用未有詳細解釋的行業術語或學科專有名詞。
– 計劃書需要能說服讀者該項目是重要及需要的,以及研究團隊有能力去完成該項目。
– 摘要需要提供一個建議研究項目的概述以向資金提供者推銷該概念。
– 要清晰地敘述主旨,而很多時都會用列點形式寫出。
– 引言需提供一個與摘要部分相似但不重複的概述。它要舉出需要被解決的研究問題、該研究問題的重要性,以及所建議的研究項目如何解決該問題。
– 使用寫作論文引言時的漏斗方法,由最基本的資料開始,然後一步步收窄到你在研究中想討論的特定問題及建議解決方式。
– 要清楚明白地指出該項目的潛在影響,如它能提供什麼觀點見解、能帶來的好處及受益群眾。另外,亦要有具體性,例如只說對業界、政策制定者或研究員有用處是不足夠的,相反,您一定要指出該項目有什麼用處、為什麼它有用處以及怎樣有用處。
文獻探討和背景資料應該要展現出您對該研究題目的熟知。您要能夠提供一個評論(critique)以表現出您不僅只閱讀相關文獻,更充分了解文獻中的理論及研究方法的長處及短處,而不是只輕輕帶過那些文獻內的研究。
要展現出您如何發展出您理論基礎、矯正研究方法的缺點及如何剋服其他挑戰及難題。
在遞交計劃書前最好要做一輪最後的文獻搜尋以確保您沒有遺漏任何最新發表的論文。
研究方法部分不應僅僅描述您研究的設計,還應提供您的設計的依理據。您必須說服讀者,您的研究方法設計是解決該研究問題的最合適方法。
在這一部份您需要大量的細節來證明您建議的設計的可行性。例如,如果您無法說服讀者您擁有這樣做的可行方法,那麼只建議招募大量研究參與者是沒有幫助的。
要明確說出已經完成了什麼前期工作以及在研究的資助部分將要完成什麼工作。研究人員會進行前期研究工作是很普遍的,但是作者很多時都沒有清楚指出相關前期研究。
展示出一個清晰的數據分析計劃,僅提及某一種技術或程序是不足夠的。
最後,確認提出一個可行的進度表及預算。
Wondering why some abbreviations such as ‘et al.’ and ‘e.g.’ use periods, whereas others such as CV and AD don’t? Periods are typically used if the abbreviations include lowercase or mixed-case letters. They’re usually not used with abbreviations containing only uppercase letters.
Our latest online workshop built on the success of face-to-face workshops we developed specifically for local universities. Over 30 faculty members joined the session, presented by our Chief Operating Officer, Mr Nick Case, to learn from our case studies on editing research proposals.
The response to our workshop, which included a constructive and insightful Q&A session, was very positive.Drawing on our extensive experience working with hundreds of Hong Kong researchers targeting the GRF and ECS every year, we used examples of poor and subsequently improved proposals to show the attendees how they can make their applications stand out. The response to our workshop, which included a constructive and insightful Q&A session, was very positive.Drawing on our extensive experience working with hundreds of Hong Kong researchers targeting the GRF and ECS every year, we used examples of poor and subsequently improved proposals to show the attendees how they can make their applications stand out. The response to our workshop, which included a constructive and insightful Q&A session, was very positive.Drawing on our extensive experience working with hundreds of Hong Kong researchers targeting the GRF and ECS every year, we used examples of poor and subsequently improved proposals to show the attendees how they can make their applications stand out.
Wondering why some abbreviations such as ‘et al.’ and ‘e.g.’ use periods, whereas others such as CV and AD don’t? Periods are typically used if the abbreviations include lowercase or mixed-case letters. They’re usually not used with abbreviations containing only uppercase letters.
Check out AsiaEdit’s professional research grant proposal editing service.
Read more about our training services covering all aspects of academic writing tailored for local institutions.
More resources on research grant proposal writing: On-demand Webinars
Preparing an effective research proposal – Your guide to successful funding application
Preparing an effective research proposal – Your guide to successful funding application (Part 2)
Rachel於2001年剛在 University of Exeter 取得博士學位的同時以自由編輯的身份首次加入我們。在擔任博士後研究人員數年之後,她專注於大學教授心理學,並於2010年回到AsiaEdit,並專注於學術編輯專業。她於2018年升任助理總編輯,並於2020年繼而成為我們的聯合主編。由於無法完全離開學術界,她還在意大利的一所英語大學教授心理學。
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